What is Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a variation from our dominant culture’s most common neurotype. This variation in neurotype means that autistic persons —as well as other neurodivergent people alike— experience the world differently. This can lead to a set of needs and presentations that can emerge as a response to this unique experiencing, such as strict adherence to routines, intense preoccupations with specific topics, as well as sensory sensitivities. This divergence may also be coupled with persistent challenges in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities.

Autistic persons often learn to “mask” in order to get by, where masking is defined as the conscious or unconscious suppression and hiding of autistic traits/behaviours in order to fit in with societal norms or to avoid negative attention and stigma. Masking often involves mimicking neurotypical behaviours, such as adhering to patterned behaviour in eye contact, using typical facial expressions, and following social conventions, all while concealing internal difficulties and distress. Masking can be mentally and emotionally exhausting, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and burnout (also termed as “autistic burnout”). Masking can also complicate any diagnostic process, since masked behaviours might obscure the extent of an individual’s autistic traits. Recognizing and understanding masking is crucial in providing appropriate support and interventions for autistic individuals, allowing them to engage more authentically and comfortably in various social settings.

To better understanding autism and all of its various presentations, consider thinking of it like a ‘fruit salad’, where any food labelled as a “fruit salad” can come each with its unique assembly of fruits. No autistic person sees/experiences the world the same way, and many researchers have tried to find labels to provide a ‘snapshot’ understanding of a person’s developmental challenges. Nonetheless, everyone comes with their own combination of traits and characteristics. If you are seeking a diagnosis, it is important to consult a psychologist through a psychological assessment. Psychotherapy, on the other hand, can offer a space to explore feelings and experiences surrounding autism in order to collaborate on ways to work with autism.